Farashin wutar lantarki ya faɗi da kashi 19%! Spain ta shawo kan hauhawar farashin iskar gas ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana da iska.

Babban aikin tura kayan aiki Makamashin Mai Sabuntawa a Spain, farashin makamashi ya ragu daga canjin farashin iskar gas a duniya, wanda ya haifar da raguwar kashi 19% kuɗaɗen wutar lantarki na gidaje.

Wannan shine babban ƙarshe na wani rahoto da ƙungiyar masu bincike ta Ember ta fitar a yau. Rahoton ya yi nazari kan canje-canje a farashin wutar lantarki a faɗin Turai, wanda ke da alaƙa da manyan matsaloli guda biyu na tattalin arziki: rikicin Rasha da Ukraine a shekarar 2022, yaƙin Amurka da Isra'ila da Iran, da kuma rufe mashigin Hormuz, wanda ya haifar da hauhawar farashi a wasu ƙasashen Turai.

Karin farashin ya bayyana musamman a ƙasashen da suka fi dogaro da man fetur. Misali, Ember ya bayyana Italiya a matsayin "mafi dogaro da iskar gas" fiye da Spain, inda matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki ya kai €143/MWh (kimanin US$165.9/MWh), yayin da farashin makamashi na Spain bai kai kashi ɗaya bisa uku ba, a kan €42/MWh kawai.

Wannan yana nufin cewa, bisa ga bayanan Ember, kuɗin iskar gas na yau da kullun na gidaje a Spain yanzu ya ragu da kashi 19% fiye da na shekarar 2021 lokacin da farashin iskar gas ke da alaƙa da wadatar duniya, daidai da tanadin €10 ga kowane gida a kowane wata.

Rage Farashin Wutar Lantarki daga Farashin Iskar Gas ta Halitta

Rage farashin wutar lantarki na Spain daga farashin iskar gas na duniya babban dalili ne na raguwar kuɗin wutar lantarki. Ember ya danganta wannan rabe-raben ga karuwar ƙarfin makamashi mai sabuntawa da aka shigar, wanda ya rage tasirin iskar gas gaba ɗaya akan gaurayar makamashi.

A cewar bayanan Ember, iska da Ƙarfin Rana Samar da makamashi a Spain ya karu da kashi 37% tsakanin 2021 da 2025, ma'ana a cikin watanni biyar na farko na 2026, iskar gas za ta shafi kashi 9% ne kawai na sa'o'i a cikin hadakar makamashin kasa.

Sabanin haka, a shekarar 2021, iskar gas ta shafi kashi 52% na sa'o'in da suka gabata a Spain. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa, daga Ember, yana nuna tasirin farashin iskar gas na duniya akan farashin makamashi na Spain a lokacin rikice-rikice biyu na duniya: rikicin Rasha da Ukraine da kuma yakin da ya shafi Amurka, Isra'ila, da Iran.

Bambancin yana da matuƙar girma idan aka kwatanta da Italiya. Ember ya ƙididdige cewa a cikin watanni biyar na farko na wannan shekarar, iskar gas ta shafi kashi 75% na sa'o'in da ke cikin haɗakar makamashin Italiya, fiye da sau takwas na Spain.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine Spain tana magance ƙalubalen cikin gida ta hanyar ninka jarin da take zubawa a fannin makamashi mai sabuntawa. A watan Afrilun 2025, hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Iberian ta fuskanci babban katsewar wutar lantarki, amma Spain ba ta koma ga samar da makamashin man fetur ba. Madadin haka, ta zaɓi faɗaɗa ɓangaren makamashi mai sabuntawa don magance wannan barazanar da ke barazana ga tsaron hanyar sadarwa.

A watan Nuwamban da ya gabata, gwamnatin Spain ta zartar da wata doka da ke goyon bayan juriyar layin wutar lantarki da kuma tura shi zuwa yankin Baturi Tsarin Ajiyar Makamashi (BESS)Bayanan wutar lantarki sun nuna cewa tun bayan katsewar wutar lantarki, Spain ta ƙara matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 1.3 GW na hasken rana da iska a kowane wata, wanda ya ɗan fi 1.2 GW a kowane wata a shekarar da ta gabata.

"Zuba jarin da Spain ta daɗe tana yi a fannin iska da hasken rana yana samun riba, yana kare masu amfani da shi daga canjin farashin man fetur," in ji Criss Rosslowe, babban mai sharhi kan makamashi a Turai a Ember. "Gyaran da aka aiwatar bayan rufewar watan Afrilu sun haifar da sauyin makamashi da kuma ƙara inganta daidaiton farashin wutar lantarki."

Magance Matsalar Kullewa

Bangaren Tsarin Ajiyar Makamashin Baturi (BESS) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman saboda layin wutar Iberian yana buƙatar ƙarfafawa cikin gaggawa. Wannan ba wai kawai don magance matsalar rufewar wutar lantarki ba ne, har ma don rage matsalar rage wutar lantarki a layin wutar Sipaniya - layin wutar ya ci gaba da fama da wahalar ɗaukar yawan ƙarfin makamashi mai sabuntawa wanda aka haɗa cikin layin wutar lantarki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Bayanai daga kamfanin samar da layin wutar lantarki na Sipaniya Red Eléctrica sun nuna cewa rage ƙarfin makamashi mai sabuntawa ya tashi daga 0.1 TWh a 2021 zuwa 4.6 TWh a 2025, yayin da farashin daidaita layin wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara ya karu daga €1.3 biliyan zuwa €3.8 biliyan a wannan lokacin. Saboda haka, ƙarfafa layin wutar lantarki na Sipaniya babban fifiko ne, duka daga hangen nesa na tsaro na makamashi da kuma na adana kuɗi.

Dangane da ajiyar makamashi, Spain na da burin cimma karfin adana makamashi mai karfin GW 22.5 nan da shekarar 2030. Ember ya yi hasashen cewa adadin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu zai karu. tsarin ajiyar batir a Spain za ta ninka sau hudu tsakanin 2025 da 2026.